The installation process

The Linux version of PaperCut NG/MF is supplied as a pre-compiled self-installing application. The installation process is designed to work with all major Linux distributions. Due to the varied nature of some installations and administrator preferences, often some manual configuration is required. This section describes the installation process in detail as well as some additional options available to SysAdmins.

Manual extraction

The Linux version of PaperCut NG/MF is supplied in a self-extracting, self-installing archive. The archive is a tar archive compressed with gzip, and headed with a shell script to facilitate self-extracting. After extraction is complete, the installation script named install is executed to begin the install process. Some SysAdmins might want to inspect the contents of the archive, and possibly the installation process itself prior to the actual install. The self-extracting installer takes a number of command line arguments. The -e argument extracts the archive into the current working directory ready for inspection. Further options and documentation is available via the --help option.

Usage: pcmf-setup.sh [-e|-i|-l] [-v] [-n] [list ...]

	`-e`	`Extract the files and then exit without installing.`
	`-i`	`Install after extracting the files (default).`
	`-l`	`List the contents of the archive and exit without extracting.`
	`-v`	`Verbose. Print the names of the files as they are extracted.`
	`list`	`The list of files to extract."`

The install process

Even though the majority of the installation process is completed under the identity of the non-privileged user account called papercut, most administrators want to know what the install process does. The main steps are outlined below:

Extraction

The first stage in the install process extracts the archive to /tmp or a location as defined by an environment variable TMPDIR. The command-line programs tar and gunzip are used during this phase.

Installation

After extraction is complete, the installation script is called. The install script, called install, presents the EULA and request acceptance. The script then determines the install location. This is the papercut user’s home directory. The home directory is determined by the HOME environment variable, or if not set, the result of a call to getpwnam().

Files are then copied into the papercut user’s home directory. Care is taken not to overwrite any existing data or configuration files if this is an install-over-the-top upgrade.

Permissions

To ensure the default installation is secure by default, permissions are applied to key files. The following area of the application are restricted to the papercut user only:

Area	Comments
`~/server/server.properties`	Contains server configuration including the default admin password.
`~/server/data`	This directory contains application data including database files. Some of this data might contain sensitive information.
`~/server/bin/linux-x64`	This directory contains a setuid-root binary. Even though the binary is no use to an end user or hacker, good security practice stipulates that you should allow only the `papercut` user access to this directory.

You can check and reapply permissions at any time post-install by running the scripts:

~/server/bin/linux-*/setperms
~/providers/print/linux-*/setperms

Firewall

The PaperCut NG/MF Application Server (pc-app process) listens on port 9191 (HTTP) and 9192/9195 (HTTPS). This port is used for browser based administration access, for client access, and other services. Ensure that any firewall or local IP filtering software such as iptables is set to allow local network traffic access to this port.

Root level tasks

A small part of the install process needs to run as the root account. The tasks conducted as root include:

Setting the authpam binary as setuid-root. This binary is used for password verification.
Installing a CUPS backend. This is done by placing a symlink in the CUPS lib/backend directory.
Setting up SYSV style start scripts if the system uses this boot process. This is done by placing symlinks in the:
```
/etc/init.d/
/etc/rc3.d/
/etc/rc5.d/
and so on...
```
Setting up SYSD services if the system uses this boot process. This is done by placing the following service definition files in /etc/systemd/system directory:
```
pc-app-server.service
pc-event-monitor.service
pc-connection-monitor.service
pc-web-print.service
```

If the administrator decides not to run the root-level tasks during the install process, the tasks can be run again post-install by executing the shell scripts:

~/server/bin/linux-*/roottasks
~/providers/print/linux-*/roottasks

Alternatively the administrator can view the scripts and make the required changes by hand.

Linux print queue integration

PaperCut NG/MF is able to integrate with and monitor CUPS, Samba, and Novell iPrint based print queues. The configuration and an explanation of the integration methods follows:

CUPS configuration overview

If the print queues are managed and controlled via CUPS, modify the Device URI on each printer so the papercut back end is incorporated into the print process.

On the print server, open a terminal.
Type the following commands:
```
cd  ~/providers/print/linux-*
sudo /ng-mf/configure-cups
-h
```
The options available in this tool are displayed.
To monitor all printers on your network, type:
```
--add-all
```
To monitor a subset of printers in your network:
1. Type --list-all
  
  A list of all printers on your network is displayed.
2. For each printer you want to add, type --add <printer name>

Alternatively, you can do it manually via the CUPS web Admin web interface or by editing the CUPS printers.conf file:

Open printers.conf (e.g. /etc/cups/printers.conf)

Prefix the DeviceURL for each printers with “papercut:”. For example:

DeviceURI socket://192.168.1.200:9100

Would become:

DeviceURI papercut:socket://192.168.1.200:9100

Restart cupsd so the new configuration is detected (e.g. /etc/init.d/cupsd reload)

CUPS integration explained

CUPS, the Common UNIX Printing System, is a popular system for managing printers on Linux servers. CUPS uses a chain-of-commands concept where filters and backends combine together to form a process steam - a workflow. PaperCut NG/MF hooks into this workflow at the backend level, intercepting the job before it’s passed on to physical printer hardware.

The interception is done by wrapping or proxying the real CUPS backend. CUPS calls the PaperCut NG/MF backend, which processes the job. If the job is approved, it passes the document onto the real backend. If the job is denied, it is deleted and proceeds no further. The PaperCut NG/MF backend is usually set up and installed by default during the standard installation.

Setting up the PaperCut NG/MF CUPS backend proxy is a relatively simple task. All the administrator needs to do is prefix the existing DeviceURI with papercut:. For example, the entry:

DeviceURI socket://192.168.1.200:9100

would become:

DeviceURI papercut:socket://192.168.1.200:9100

The printer registers itself with PaperCut NG/MF on the first print event.

PaperCut NG/MF CUPS architecture

The PaperCut NG/MF CUPS backend is a native compiled binary. In PaperCut NG/MF documentation it is referred to it as a Print Provider - a component that provides print event information to the Application Server. It’s responsible for analyzing the print job and then communicating this information to the Application Server component. Communication is via an XML-RPC based Web Services call. This means that the backend does not need to be on the same server as the system hosting the Application Server component.

Samba configuration overview

If the print queues are exposed to network workstations using Samba (Samba Website) , and a print system other than CUPS is used (e.g. BSD, LPRNG, SYSV, etc.) the smb.conf needs some additional configuration. The “print command” needs to be replaced with a PaperCut NG/MF command.

Open the smb.conf (e.g. /etc/samba/smb.conf)
Under the [global] section insert the line:
```
print command=/home/papercut/providers/print/linux-x64/samba-print-provider
-u "%u" -J "%J" -h "%h" -m "%m" -p "%p" -s "%s"
-a "[standard print command]" &
```
Important

The above information is displayed on a single line. Note the use of the & (ampersand) on the end of the line.

where [standard print command] is the command that would normally called for printing. Typical examples of commands usually used for printer are listed below:

Type Command
BSD, AIX, QNX, LPRNG or PLP lpr -r -P%p %s
SYSV or HPUX lp -c -d%p %s; rm %s

More information on standard print commands is available under the Samba documentation installed on your system (see man smb.conf).

Type	Command
BSD, AIX, QNX, LPRNG or PLP	`lpr -r -P%p %s`
SYSV or HPUX	`lp -c -d%p %s; rm %s`

Samba integration explained

Samba is used to provide file and print sharing to Windows systems and is a popular solution. One of the main reasons for its popularity is that it avoids the need for expensive Microsoft Windows server licenses!

Samba exposes the locally set up Linux/Unix printers as network shared Windows printers. It does this by wrapping the underlying print system - usually CUPS or LPR/LPD. In the case of LPR, Samba calls the standard lp command line programs to perform printing. PaperCut NG/MF works by wrapping or proxying the “print command”. More information on how Samba interacts with the underlying print system is available in the Samba documentation.

A typical entry in the Samba configuration file smb.conf defining the PaperCut NG/MF print command wrapper would be:

print command=/home/papercut/providers/print/linux-x64/samba-print-provider
-u "%u" -J "%J" -h "%h" -m "%m" -p "%p" -s "%s"
-a "[standard print command]" &

where [standard print command] is the command that would normally be called for printing.

The %u, %p, etc., are Samba substitution variables. These are replaced with content such as the username, printer name, etc. and are used by PaperCut NG/MF in the reporting and logging.

The printer registers itself with the PaperCut NG/MF web interface after the first print is received.

PaperCut NG/MF Samba architecture

The PaperCut NG/MF Samba print command wrapper is a native compiled executable. The PaperCut NG/MF documentation refers to it as a Print Provider. It’s responsible for analyzing the print job and then communicating this information to the Application Server component. Communication is via an XML-RPC based Web Services call. This means that the command does not need to be on the same server as the system hosting the Application Server component.

Novell iPrint configuration

PaperCut NG/MF works by directly integrating with the Novell iPrint Print Manager.

The configuration process is detailed in Step 5 - Printer/iPrint configuration .

The development team at PaperCut Software has worked with the Novell iPrint engineers during 2008 to ensure an iPrint API was available that allow iPrint users to have access to the same feature set as seen on Windows, Mac and Linux CUPS. PaperCut NG/MF uses this API set to intercept and account for jobs as they pass into the iPrint queue.